Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering

Courses

Courses taught at NBE listed in reverse chronological order (most recent first).

Spring 2025

NBE-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-C2102 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Field Theory (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-C2103 Biophysics II: Light and Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-C2201 Physiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Hanna Renvall
NBE-C2300 Biological psychology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4085 Behavioral Health Informatics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mark van Gils
NBE-E4100 Molecular Biophysics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-E4130 Information Processing in Neural Circuits D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Petri Ala-Laurila
NBE-E4225 Cognitive Neuroscience D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4240 Advanced Course on Human Neuroscience D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Riitta Salmelin
NBE-E4250 Mapping, Decoding and Modeling the Human Brain D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Linda Henriksson
NBE-E4260 Genesis and Analysis of Brain Signals D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matias Palva
NBE-E4300 Medical Device Innovation D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Jarmo Ruohonen
NBE-E4305 Biodesign – innovating medical technologies in multidisciplinary teams D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Heikki Nieminen

Autumn 2024

JOIN-E3100 Life Science Technologies Project Course A (2 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Linda Henriksson
NBE-C3001 Brain ABC (4 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Hämäläinen
NBE-E4010 Medical Image Analysis D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Koen Van Leemput
NBE-E4045 Functional Brain Imaging D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4060 Bioelectromagnetism: Fundamentals, Modelling and Application D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-E4070 Basics of Biomedical Data Analysis D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Stéphane Deny
NBE-E4080 Decision Support in Healthcare D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mark van Gils
NBE-E4120 Cellular Electrophysiology D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Ari Koskelainen & Irina Ignatova
NBE-E4150 DNA Nanotechnology D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Anton Kuzyk & Pekka Orponen
NBE-E4210 Structure and Operation of the Human Brain D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matias Palva
NBE-E453002 Special Course in Human Neuroscience: Brain Circuits: Principles of neuroanatomy in neuroimaging and brain stimulation (3 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Lauri Parkkonen & Pantelis Lioumis

Spring 2024

NBE-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-C2102 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Field Theory (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-C2103 Biophysics II: Light and Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-C2201 Physiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Hanna Renvall
NBE-C2300 Biological psychology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4020 Medical Imaging D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Ilkka Nissilä & Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4085 Behavioral Health Informatics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mark van Gils
NBE-E4140 Neurophysics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-E4225 Cognitive Neuroscience D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4240 Advanced Course on Human Neuroscience D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Riitta Salmelin
NBE-E4260 Genesis and Analysis of Brain Signals D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matias Palva
NBE-E4300 Medical Device Innovation D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Jarmo Ruohonen
NBE-E4305 Biodesign – innovating medical technologies in multidisciplinary teams D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Heikki Nieminen
NBE-E453001 Special Course in Human Neuroscience V D: Imaging Brain Microstructure and Connectivity with Diffusion MRI (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Timo Roine

Autumn 2023

NBE-C3001 Brain ABC (4 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Synnöve Carlson & Virve Vuontela
NBE-E4010 Medical Image Analysis D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Koen Van Leemput
NBE-E4045 Functional Brain Imaging D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4060 Bioelectromagnetism: Fundamentals, Modelling and Application D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-E4070 Basics of Biomedical Data Analysis D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Stéphane Deny
NBE-E4080 Decision Support in Healthcare D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mark van Gils
NBE-E4150 DNA Nanotechnology D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Anton Kuzyk & Pekka Orponen
NBE-E4210 Structure and Operation of the Human Brain D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matias Palva
NBE-E4310 Biomedical Ultrasonics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Heikki Nieminen

Spring 2023

NBE-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-C2102 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Field Theory (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-C2103 Biophysics II: Light and Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-C2201 Physiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Hanna Renvall
NBE-E4085 Behavioral Health Informatics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mark van Gils
NBE-E4100 Molecular Biophysics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-E4130 Information Processing in Neural Circuits D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Petri Ala-Laurila
NBE-E4225 Cognitive Neuroscience D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4240 Advanced Course on Human Neuroscience D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Riitta Salmelin
NBE-E4250 Mapping, Decoding and Modeling the Human Brain D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Linda Henriksson
NBE-E4260 Genesis and Analysis of Brain Signals D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matias Palva
NBE-E4300 Medical Device Innovation D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Jarmo Ruohonen
NBE-E4305 Biodesign – innovating medical technologies in multidisciplinary teams D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Heikki Nieminen

Autumn 2022

NBE-C3001 Brain ABC (4 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Synnöve Carlson
NBE-E4045 Functional Brain Imaging D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4060 Bioelectromagnetism: Fundamentals, Modelling and Application D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-E4070 Basics of Biomedical Data Analysis D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Stéphane Deny
NBE-E4080 Decision Support in Healthcare D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mark van Gils
NBE-E4120 Cellular Electrophysiology D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Petri Ala-Laurila
NBE-E4150 DNA Nanotechnology D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Anton Kuzyk & Pekka Orponen
NBE-E4210 Structure and Operation of the Human Brain D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matias Palva
NBE-E4320 Introduction to Privacy and Security in Healthtech Applications D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ian Oliver

Spring 2022

NBE-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-C2102 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Field Theory (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-C2103 Biophysics II: Light and Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-C2201 Physiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Hanna Renvall
NBE-E4020 Medical Imaging D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Ilkka Nissilä & Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4100 Molecular Biophysics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-E4140 Neurophysics D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Ari Koskelainen & Risto Ilmoniemi
NBE-E4225 Cognitive Neuroscience D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4240 Advanced Course on Human Neuroscience D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Riitta Salmelin
NBE-E4260 Genesis and Analysis of Brain Signals D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matias Palva
NBE-E4300 Medical Device Innovation D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Jarmo Ruohonen

Autumn 2021

NBE-C3001 Brain ABC (4 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Synnöve Carlson
NBE-E4000 Principles of Biomedical Imaging D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-E4010 Medical Image Analysis D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Jyrki Lötjönen
NBE-E4045 Functional Brain Imaging D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4050 Signal Processing in Biomedical Engineering D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Marcus van Gils
NBE-E4150 DNA Nanotechnology D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Anton Kuzyk & Pekka Orponen
NBE-E4210 Structure and operation of the human brain D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen & Risto Ilmoniemi
NBE-E4310 Biomedical Ultrasonics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Heikki Nieminen

Spring 2021

NBE-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-C2102 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Field Theory (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-C2201 Physiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-E4100 Molecular Biophysics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-E4130 Information Processing in Neural Circuits D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Petri Ala-Laurila
NBE-E4225 Cognitive Neuroscience D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4240 Advanced Course on Human Neuroscience D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Riitta Salmelin
NBE-E4250 Mapping, Decoding and Modeling the Human Brain D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Linda Henriksson
NBE-E4260 Genesis and Analysis of Brain Signals D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matias Palva

Autumn 2020

NBE-C3001 Brain ABC (4 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Synnöve Carlson
NBE-E4000 Principles of Biomedical Imaging D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-E4045 Functional Brain Imaging D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4050 Signal Processing in Biomedical Engineering D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Marcus van Gils
NBE-E4120 Cellular Electrophysiology D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Petri Ala-Laurila
NBE-E4150 DNA Nanotechnology D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Anton Kuzyk & Pekka Orponen
NBE-E4210 Structure and operation of the human brain D (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Risto Ilmoniemi & Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4310 Biomedical Ultrasonics D (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Heikki Nieminen

Spring 2020

NBE-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-C2102 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Field Theory (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-C2201 Physiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-E4020 Medical Imaging (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Ilkka Nissilä & Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4100 Molecular Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-E4140 Neurophysics (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Risto Ilmoniemi & Ari Koskelainen
NBE-E4225 Cognitive Neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4240 Advanced Course on Human Neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mikko Sams
NBE-E4300 Medical Device Innovation (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Jarmo Ruohonen
NBE-E4310 Biomedical Ultrasonics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Heikki Nieminen
NBE-E4530 Special Course in Human Neuroscience V: Visual Neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Linda Henriksson

Autumn 2019

NBE-C3001 Brain ABC (4 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Synnöve Carlson
NBE-E4000 Principles of Biomedical Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-E4010 Medical Image Analysis (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Jyrki Lötjönen
NBE-E4045 Functional Brain Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4050 Signal Processing in Biomedical Engineering (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Marcus van Gils
NBE-E4120 Cellular Electrophysiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Petri Ala-Laurila
NBE-E4150 DNA Nanotechnology (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Anton Kuzyk & Pekka Orponen
NBE-E4210 Structure and operation of the human brain (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Risto Ilmoniemi & Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4540 Introduction to Scientific Visualization (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Juuso Korhonen & Victor De Oliveira e Souza

Spring 2019

NBE-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-C2102 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Field Theory (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-C2201 Physiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-E4100 Molecular Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-E4130 Information Processing in Neural Circuits (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Petri Ala-Laurila
NBE-E4225 Cognitive Neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4240 Advanced Course on Human Neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mikko Sams
NBE-E4310 Biomedical Ultrasonics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Heikki Nieminen
NBE-E4530 Special Course in Human Neuroscience V: Mapping, decoding and modeling the human brain (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Linda Henriksson

Autumn 2018

NBE-C3001 Brain ABC (4 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Synnöve Carlson
NBE-E4000 Principles of Biomedical Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-E4045 Functional Brain Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4050 Signal Processing in Biomedical Engineering (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Marcus van Gils
NBE-E4120 Cellular Electrophysiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Petri Ala-Laurila
NBE-E4150 DNA Nanotechnology (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Anton Kuzyk & Pekka Orponen
NBE-E4210 Structure and operation of the human brain (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Risto Ilmoniemi & Iiro Jääskeläinen

Spring 2018

NBE-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-C2102 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Field Theory (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-C2201 Physiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-E4020 Medical Imaging (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Ilkka Nissilä & Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4100 Molecular Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Anton Kuzyk
NBE-E4140 Neurophysics (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Ari Koskelainen & Risto Ilmoniemi
NBE-E4225 Cognitive Neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4240 Advanced Course on Human Neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mikko Sams
NBE-E4300 Medical Device Innovation (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Jarmo Ruohonen
NBE-E4530 Special Course in Human Neuroscience V: Dissemination of science (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Mia Liljeström & Annika Hultén
NBE-E4530 Special Course in Human Neuroscience V / Human brain connectivity (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Enrico Glerean

Autumn 2017

NBE-C3001 Brain ABC (4 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Synnöve Carlson
NBE-E4000 Principles of Biomedical Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-E4010 Medical Image Analysis (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Jyrki Lötjönen
NBE-E4045 Functional Brain Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4050 Signal Processing in Biomedical Engineering (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Marcus van Gils
NBE-E4210 Structure and Operation of the Human Brain (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Risto Ilmoniemi
NBE-E4530 Special Course in Human Neuroscience: Time series analysis in neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Alexander Zhigalov
NBE-E4530 Special Course in Human Neuroscience: Diagnostics of central nervous system disorders (2 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Selja Vaalto

Spring 2017

JOIN-E3000 Life Science Technologies Project Course (10 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Tomi Laurila, Jari Saramäki & Jukka Tulkki
NBE-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-C2102 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Field Theory (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-C2201 Physiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-E4100 Molecular Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Anton Kuzyk & Jukka Tulkki
NBE-E4130 Information Processing in Neural Circuits (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Petri Ala-Laurila
NBE-E4220 Introduction to Human Neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4240 Advanced Course on Human Neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mikko Sams
NBE-E4530 Special Course in Human Neuroscience: Human brain connectivity (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Enrico Glerean

Autumn 2016

NBE-C3001 Brain ABC (4 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Synnöve Carlson
NBE-E4000 Principles of Biomedical Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-E4030 Experimental and Statistical Methods in Biological Sciences (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Pauliina Ilmonen
NBE-E4040 Functional Brain Imaging: Practice (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
NBE-E4050 Signal Processing in Biomedical Engineering (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Marcus van Gils
NBE-E4060 Bioelectromagnetism: Fundamentals, Modelling and Application (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
NBE-E4120 Cellular Electrophysiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
NBE-E4210 Structure and Operation of the Human Brain (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Risto Ilmoniemi
NBE-E4230 Affective Neuroscience (3 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
NBE-E4530 Special Course in Human Neuroscience: Mapping, decoding and modeling the human brain (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Linda Henriksson

Spring 2016

BECS-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
BECS-C2102 Electricity and Magnetism (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
BECS-E5971 Functional Brain Imaging: Principles (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
JOIN-E3000 Life Science Technologies Project Course (10 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Jukka Tulkki
NBE-E4100 Molecular Biophysics (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Samuli Ollila & Jukka Tulkki
NBE-E4140 Neurophysics (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Risto Ilmoniemi & Ari Koskelainen
NBE-E4300 Medical Device Innovation (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Jarmo Ruohonen
NBE-E5700 Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Iiro Jääskeläinen
Tfy-99.3249 Biomedical Engineering Special Course: Physics, measurements and data analysis of MEG and EEG (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Risto Ilmoniemi & Jukka Sarvas
Tfy-99.3720 Advanced Course on Human Brain Functioning P (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Mikko Sams
Tfy-99.7280 Medical Imaging P (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Ilkka Nissilä & Lauri Parkkonen

Autumn 2015

BECS-C2201 Physiology (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Ari Koskelainen
BECS-E5972 Functional Brain Imaging: Practice (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Parkkonen
Becs-114.5501 Experimental and Statistical Methods in Biological Sciences I (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Lauri Nummenmaa
NBE-E4000 Principles of Biomedical Imaging (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Hämäläinen
NBE-E4010 Medical Image Analysis (5 ECTS), Teachers in charge: Mika Pollari & Jyrki Lötjönen
Tfy-99.2710 Introduction to the Structure and Operation of the Human Brain (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Risto Ilmoniemi
Tfy-99.3227 Electromagnetic Field Theory P (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Matti Stenroos
Tfy-99.4275 Signal Processing in Biomedical Engineering P (5 ECTS), Teacher in charge: Marcus van Gils

Spring 2015

BECS-C2101 Biophysics (5 ECTS)
BECS-C2102 Electricity and Magnetism (5 ECTS)
Becs-114.1311 Introduction to Bayesian Statistics (3 ECTS)
Becs-114.5312 Work Course on Bayesian Analysis (2 ECTS)
Becs-114.5502 Experimental and Statistical Methods in Biological Sciences II (5 ECTS)
Becs-114.5711 Social and Affective Cognitive Neuroscience (5 ECTS)
Becs-114.5791 Brain Imaging Principles P (4 ECTS)
Tfy-99.2710 Introduction to the Structure and Operation of the Human Brain (5 ECTS)
Tfy-99.7280 Medical Imaging P (5 ECTS)

Published: 24.10.2018
Updated: 9.8.2024