In Arctic marine technology, the key competence is to understand the cold environment and its demands on ship design, hull shape, power requirements, navigation in ice and ship safety. This requires basic knowledge of ship design, risk analysis, solid and fluid mechanics and especially an understanding of the characteristics of ice as a special material.
Aalto Ice Tank will be utilised in teaching, as one course will concentrate on model scale testing in ice. In addition, a few day excursions to the icebreakers operating in the northern Baltic Sea are organised every winter as part of a course on winter navigation.
An expert on hydrodynamics needs to understand the basic phenomena in fluid mechanics, hydrodynamic design as part of the overall design process and hydrodynamic performance as a whole, covering the various aspects of ship hydrodynamics.
Relevant field-specific topics include static and dynamic stability, calm water resistance, propulsion, hydrodynamic loads and wave-induced motion. The increasing role of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the design and analysis of ship flows means that a hydrodynamics expert should have a solid understanding of the relevant computational methods.
Naval architects understand the ship as a system and the relation between different disciplines. Basic knowledge of fluid mechanics is essential to design the outer shape of the ship to minimise the amount of energy needed for movement, while also keeping passengers comfortable.
As ships can operate in ice-covered seas, some knowledge of ice mechanics is necessary. Main areas of ship design are covered: buoyancy and stability, dynamics, structure, systems and risk assessment. Ship concept designs are developed in one course and improved in the other with justification for the courses chosen and the final expert profile.
A project engineer must understand the interlinked processes of design and production and manage the economical, production-related and technological risks associated with large, one-off prototype projects. It is essential to understand manufacturing methods and quality management methods as well as the role of material selection. Holistic, project-based thinking and basic knowledge of ship technology is needed to create the products of the future in a competitive fashion.
Digitalisation has a growing impact on the marine industry, with increasing automation in ships' on-board control, navigation and communication systems as well as big data and optimisation-driven decision-making in operations.
The trend is moving from on-board monitoring, automation and control to wider utilisation, optimisation and connectivity of data, including remote support and, ultimately, control and autonomy. Working in this field requires a sound understanding of the principles of naval architecture and related physics combined with a basic understanding of ICT to fully utilise novel solutions in the maritime field.
Structural designers must understand structural design as part of the overall design process and especially the random loads and the response and strength obtained. Strength itself is rarely a selling point for a ship, but it must be guaranteed and built in a way that the ship is aesthetically pleasing yet also strong and lightweight.
Numerical methods for loads and strength assessment are essential tools, thus a solid basis on mechanics is required. Decision-making, ship architecture and design and risk assessment are extensions to the professional profile that guarantee competitiveness in the markets.